Understanding addiction

Start with the pattern, not a label

An assessment looks at how substance use affects health, relationships, responsibilities and control. You do not need to wait until every part of life is disrupted before asking for help. A useful first conversation describes what is happening in concrete terms: the substance, the pattern, attempts to change it and any consequences.

Addiction and physical dependence are different

Physical dependence means the body has adapted to a substance and symptoms may follow a reduction. It can occur during prescribed treatment. Addiction involves a problematic pattern of use; dependence alone does not establish that diagnosis. This distinction matters particularly for benzodiazepines and other prescribed medicines. Discuss changes with the prescriber rather than stopping abruptly.

Explore by substance

• Alcohol: recognising a problem and choosing care
• Cocaine: treatment and practical next steps
• Cannabis: when use becomes difficult to control
• Opioids: medication, overdose prevention and recovery
• Prescription medication: dependence and safer review

What to write down before seeking help

Bring a medication list, previous treatment records if available, and a brief account of sleep, mood, physical symptoms and recent substance use. Include alcohol and medicines obtained without a prescription. If you are supporting someone else, distinguish what you have observed from what you suspect.

Next: compare the different treatment settings or read the family support guide.

Follow the evidence

The research collection explains treatment studies and regional data, with clear limits on what they establish. Start with the question that matters to you, then take the practical questions to a qualified professional.